1	Endemism and the assessment of conservation priority Brad Boyle, Brian J. Enquist, Michael D. Weiser University of Arizona
2	Conservation in the fast lane
3	Hotspots Program Identifies global conservation priorities Scale: regional usually one to several countries
4	Rapid Assessment Program Information for specific conservation actions Scale: Local Specific region within single country
5	"Hotspots" Hotspots RAP
6	"Hotspots" Hotspots RAP
7	"Hotspots" Hotspots RAP
8	"Hotspots" Hotspots RAP
9	"Hotspots" Hotspots RAP
10	"Hotspots" Hotspots RAP
11	Endemism
12	Endemism Important indicator of conservation priority
13	Endemism Important indicator of conservation priority However…
14	Endemism Important indicator of conservation priority However… Typically “tallied” at the scale of entire countries
15	Endemism Important indicator of conservation priority However… Typically “tallied” at the scale of entire countries Little information at more local scales
16	Endemism Important indicator of conservation priority However… Typically “tallied” at the scale of entire countries Little information at more local scales No standard baseline
17	"Can SALVIAS improve our ability..." Can SALVIAS improve our ability to assess endemism?
18	"Plant endemism within the Mesoamerican..." Plant endemism within the Mesoamerican Hotspot
19	Mesoamerican Hotspot 8 countries 1.1 million sq km 24,000 plant species 5,000 endemic
20	Mesoamerican Hotspot Within hotspot, how do major habitats and geopolitical subdivisions within hotspot differ in plant endemism, and hence conservation priority?
21	Mesoamerican Hotspot Within hotspot, how do major habitats and geopolitical subdivisions within hotspot differ in plant endemism, and hence conservation priority? Globally, how do subdivisions within the Mesoamerican Hotspot rank in endemism?
22	Data sources Local inventories from SALVIAS database Species distributions estimated from specimen records using SALVIAS distributed query
23	Response variables Calculated total and percent endemic species per plot Endemic species: entire range within 2.5 x 2.5 deg. lat x long (=78,000 km²; cf. Pitman et al., 1999)
24	Categories: two regional subdivisions Costa Rica Southern Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz)
25	Categories: five vegetation types
26	Comparisons Within Mesoamerica Total and proportion endemic species for each vegetation types in each sub-region Globally Ranked Mesoamerican samples relative to entire global SALVIAS inventory dataset
27	Number of inventories Global: 280 Tenth ha plots by Gentry, Boyle, and others > 20 individual data contributors
28	Number of inventories Mesoamerican hotspot: 33
29	Species ranges From 23 herbarium specimen databases using SALVIAS
30	Data returned by SALVIAS Species (fully determined) Specimens
31	Data returned by SALVIAS Species (fully determined) Global dataset 7,369 Mesoamerican plots 909 Specimens
32	Data returned by SALVIAS Species (fully determined) Global dataset 7,369 Mesoamerican plots 909 Specimens Total 1.9 million Total, non-cultivated, with coordinates 1.2 million
33	How does endemism differ within the Mesoamerican Hotspot?
34	Endemism rankings of Mesoamerican 0.1 ha plots
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38	Total endemics
39	Proportion endemics
40	How does Mesoamerican plant endemism rank globally?
41	Global rankings
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49	Conclusions: Mesoamerican plant endemism Nearly fourfold variation Differences between regions depended on vegetation types…
50	Conclusions: Mesoamerican plant endemism Costa Rican dry forest ranked last in both total and percent endemics
51	Conclusions: Mesoamerican plant endemism Costa Rican dry forest ranked last in both total and percent endemics Costa Rican rain forest (all elevations) relatively rich in endemics
52	Conclusions: Mesoamerican plant endemism Mexican dry forest 2.5 x richer in endemic species than Costa Rican dry forest among highest ranks in Mesoamerican region
53	Conclusions: Mesoamerican plant endemism Mexican dry forest 2.5 x richer in endemic species than Costa Rican dry forest among highest ranks in Mesoamerican region Mexican premontane forest rich in endemics high priority within the hotspot.
54	Conclusions: Global endemism Mesoamerican forests average on a global scale
55	Conclusions: Global endemism Mesoamerican forests average on a global scale Globally highest-ranking sites restricted biogeographic regions with humid lowland aseasonal forest: Mata Atlantica, Colombian Choco Wet tropical montane forests
56	Conclusions: SALVIAS A global baseline for endemism and species distributions
57	Conclusions: SALVIAS A global baseline for endemism and species distributions Potentially powerful tool for conservation assessment
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